1. Cognitive Discourse Analysis: An introduction - Thora Tenbrink
2. Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything About Race, Gender And Identity- And Why This Harms Everybody – Helen Pluckrose and James Lindsay
3. A History of the World in 12 Maps – Jerry Brotton
4. Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language – Patricia T. O’Connor & Stewart Kellerman
5. Peer Interaction and Second Language Learning - Jenefer Philip, Rebecca Adams & Noriko Iwashita
6. Eugene Onegin - Alexander Pushkin
7. Found in Translation: How Language Shapes Our Lives and Transforms the World - Nataly Kelly & Jost Zetzche
8. English Words: A Linguistic Introduction - Heidi Harley
9. Questions: Formal, Functional and Interactional Perspectives Jan P. de Ruiter (Ed.)
10. Persepolis Rising - James S.A. Corey
11. English Prepositions: Their meanings and uses - R.M.W. Dixon
12. Draußen vor der Tür - Wolfgang Borchert
13. Metonymy: Hidden Shortcuts in Language, Thought and Communication - Jeannette Liitlemore
14. Tiamat's Wrath - James S.A. Corey
15. Leviathan Falls - James S.A. Corey
16. The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World - David W. Anthony
17. The Unfortunate Traveler and Other Works - Thomas Nashe
18. A Qualitative Approach to the Validation of Oral Language Tests (Studies in Language Testing, Series Number 14) - Anne Lazarton
19. Are Some Languages Better than Others? - R.M.W. Dixon.
20. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker - Tobias Smollet
21. Body Part Terms in Conceptualization and Language Usage - Iwona Kraska-Szlenk (Ed.)
22.Think Least of Death: Spinoza on How to Live and How to Die - Steven Nadler
23. Vuelta Skelter: Riding the Remarkable 1941 Tour of Spain - Tim Moore
24. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction - David Lee
25. Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity - Stephen C. Levinson
26. An Immigrant's Love Letter to the West - Konstantin Kisin
27. Explorations of Language Transfer - Terrence Odlin
28: A war on Two Fronts: Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan and Terrence Malik's The Thin Red Line- Tibe Patrick Jordan
29. Grammars of Space: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity - Stephen C. Levinson and David Wilkins (Eds.) (Partial re-read)
30. Rethinking linguistic relativity - John J. Gumperz & Stephen C. Levinson (Eds.) Partial re-read.
31. A History of the World in 6 Glasses - Tom Standage
32. Cross-linguistic Study of the Principle of Linguistic Relativity: Cross-linguistic Research to Examine the Principle of Linguistic Relativity: Evidence from English, Mandarin and Russian - Ronan Grace
33. An Introduction to Linguistic Typology - Viveka Vellupillai
34. Mysteries of English Grammar: A guide to the complexities of the English Language - Andreea S. Calude & Laurie Bauer
35. Against a Dark Background - Iain M. Banks (Reread)
36. The Linguistics Delusion - Geoffrey Sampson
37. Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition - Peter Robinson & Nick C. Ellis
38. Where have all the adjectives gone? - R.M.W Dixon
39. Copulas: Universals in the Categorization of the Lexicon - Regina Pustet
40. Scoff: A History of Food and Class in Britain - Pen Vogler
41. Genesis: The Deep Origin of Societies - Edward O. Wilson
42. Conceptualizations of time - Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk (Ed.)
St Augustine touched upon the problem that humans have in conceptualizing time when he wrote, " “What is time then? If nobody asks me, I know; but if I were desirous to explain it to one that should ask me, plainly I do not know.” In this book, a variety of authors present data on the ways that different cultures metaphorize time in language.
As is argued by the proponents of the cognitive linguistic field, many aspects of human cognition operate through metaphors. For the abstract concept of time the source metaphor of three-dimensional space is often drawn on. For example, prepositions operate in a similar way with respect to time and space. In English there is a hierarchy of large/medium/small encoded in, at and on. (IN 2022/ London, ON the 10th of November/ North street, AT 6 o'clock/ the station)
But the mapping from space to time through metaphor can manifest itself in different ways. For English speakers the future is infront of us, the present is here and now and the past behind us. Two separate metaphors apply. The self is moving along a path through a static landscape, or the self is stationary and it is time that flows past us. (He's coming up to retirement Vs. Christmas is coming.)
The front/future, behind/past metaphor is switched in the South American language Aymara. The source domain is still based on the orientation of a human in space, but instead of drawing on facing the direction of travel, the metaphor draws on the visual sense. What is past is visible. What is to come is not visible. Thus the human faces towards the past and with his/her back to the future.
There is also data to suggest that sequential time (as opposed to diectic time) is conceived on a time line, with users of the Roman alphabet seeing earlier as left and later as right (as with the writing system) while those who use the Arabic writing system see earlier on the right and later on the left, in accordance with the direction of writing in their culture. For Chinese speakers, earlier is up and later is down, as with the traditional method of writing in Chinese.
This is only the briefest of outlines here. The chapters covered a wide range of data from a huge variety of languages and delved into some pretty technical aspects of language, linguistics, cognition, philosophy and more. A dense and sometimes difficult read but overall satisfying and a useful resource for thinking about these issues.
