Thinking Aloud wrote:Just recalling a snippet I once read, re the WTC's ability to withstand impact from an airliner, if I recall correctly:
There had been concern that such a tall structure would be vulnerable, particularly in poor visibility, low cloud and fog, to being hit by a lost aircraft trying to land at a nearby airport. The inference I got was that the structures had been built with that scenario in mind: an aircraft the size of a 707, flying relatively slowly and cautiously, nearly empty fuel tanks, preparing to land. That's quite a different scenario to a fully fuelled 767 doing twice or three times the speed.
I'm afraid I don't recall exactly where I read this, but it was in some kind of report on the structures after 9/11; but I've always found it a useful thing to bear in mind when discussing what the buildings would likely have been built to (or claimed by the builders to be able to) withstand.
You would find it much easier if you read back in the thread first.
This was posted on November 11, 2010;
Miragememories wrote:GrahamH wrote:"I note that you have failed to back-up you claim by providing any evidence of calculation or provision for the effects of fire on the structure.
It is not contested that an analysis for impact damage was conducted, for a slow-flying 707.
Is it worth asking again? What evidence can you provide of an allowance made for structural effects of subsequent fires?"
You are either ignoring or did not read;NCSTAR 1-2, 8.2 AIRCRAFT IMPACT DAMAGE ANALYSIS, 8.2.1 Safety of the WTC Towers in Aircraft Collision wrote:"3. The buildings have been investigated and found to be safe in an assumed collision with a large jet airliner (Boeing 707 - DC 8) travelling at 600 miles per hour. Analysis indicates that such collision would result in only local damage which could not cause collapse or substantial damage to the building and would not endanger the lives and safety of of occupants not in the immediate area of impact."
This detailed analysis was performed at the request of the NYC Port Authority in response to public concerns about the safety of such tall buildings in the event of aircraft collisions and subsequent fires, and largely on the basis of this WWII event reported in the NY Times;
"Saturday morning in July 1945, when a B-25 bomber, lost in the fog, barreled into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building. Most of the 14 people who died were incinerated by a fireball created when the plane's fuel ignited, even though the fire was quickly contained. The following year, another plane crashed into the 72-story skyscraper at 40 Wall Street, and yet another one narrowly missed the Empire State Building, terrifying sightseers on the observation deck."
Are you seriously suggesting that while designing the Towers to cope with such a crash, the designers somehow overlooked the possibility of fire?
Prior to 9/11, Leslie Robertson was making a different, more ego-serving claim;
http://snurl.com/j54gc (Report From Ground Zero page 188
A few quotes from that page;
"After the bombing of the WTC in 1993, Leslie Robertson, one of the engineers who worked on the towers' structural design in the 1960s, claimed that each had been built to withstand the impact of a fully fueled 707. The 707 was the state-of-the-art airplane, and the Port Authority was quite amenable to considering the effect of an airplane as a design criterion...I don't know if we considered the fire damage that would cause. Anyway, the architect, not the engineer, is the one who specifies the fire system."
"Of course, when Yamaski was designing the buildings he was aware that steel, when it reaches an inherent temperature of 1200 degrees, will stretch at the rate of 9 1/2 inches per 100 feet. He undoubtedly took into account the possibility of a plane's hitting the building and causing the steel to stretch in a resulting fire. There might even be a collapse, but only on the side of the building that was 'hit. Partial collapses often happen in burning buildings."
http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/analysis/design.html
"John Skilling was the head structural engineer for the World Trade Center. In a 1993 interview, Skilling stated that the Towers were designed to withstand the impact and fires resulting from the collision of a large jetliner such as Boeing 707 or Douglas DC-8."
http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930227&slug=1687698
Twin Towers Engineered To Withstand Jet Collision
By Eric Nalder
as reported in the Seattle Times Februaury 27, 1993
"In the wake of the WTC bombing, the Seattle Times interviews John Skilling who was one of the two structural engineers responsible for designing the Trade Center. Skilling recounts his people having carried out an analysis which found the Twin Towers could withstand the impact of a Boeing 707. He says, “Our analysis indicated the biggest problem would be the fact that all the fuel (from the airplane) would dump into the building. There would be a horrendous fire. A lot of people would be killed.” But, he says, “The building structure would still be there.”
I hope that helps flesh out your memory.
MM