#34
by don't get me started » Feb 24, 2015 9:15 am
Blackadder, you would not be alone in decrying the use of 'like' in conversational language.
However, don't be too hard on your kids.Although usage of the word like is often dismissed as an empty filler, a kind of irritating verbal tic, research has revealed some very interesting things concerning this polysemous word.
Michael McCarthy (one of the top corpus linguists in the world), has identified the following data: (citation available on request)
'Like is one of the TOP 15 words in English usage.' That's right. It is up there with 'I', 'You', 'the', and' and the like.
It is used 6 times more frequently in conversation than in writing.'
(It is important to remember here that the written form of the language has been privileged over the spoken form of the language, even to the extent that Chomsky, with typical dismissive elan, labeled the spoken form of the language as 'corrupt' and 'degenerate' (1965) and unworthy of serious study. In this he was completely wrong. Spoken language is deeply orderly, just not in the ways that traditional grammars would recognize.)
As I mentioned, the word like is used for a lot of different purposes, and here is the breakdown from corpus analysis.
34% to say that something is similar. " He acted like we were in his way"
18% to highlight something. "They were like totally blocking the doors."
17% miscellaneous meanings, including the verb 'like'
16% to give examples. " Like, I get upset
10% to report speech. "They were like "What's the problem?"
5% to say 'approximately' "Isn't he like 80 years old?"
I have done some research on 'like' in its quotitive function. Her is a passage from a paper that I have in press at the moment.
"In addition to this, a further semantic aspect of ‘like’ as a qoutative is connected to one of the other senses of the word, namely ‘similar to’. If we accept that any given utterance realizes aspects of its meaning in ways beyond lexical-grammatical structure, (by pitch, speed, accent, paused onset, gaze, gesture and so on) then we tacitly accept that the report of that utterance will probably not capture all of these dimensions. Every report must make some compromises once the original utterance is decontextualized and ‘de-authored’. In a sense, a report can only make the claim to be similar to the original utterance, and by using the verb ‘like’ to report an utterance the reporter is actually being more accurate in his/her report, claiming similitude rather than faithfulness in all points of the original utterance."
Young adults often have a fully developed grammar and vocabulary competence, but still lack certain discourse and socio-cultural skills in language use, which emerge later (and sometimes only partially, depending on environment.)
Many of my students return from study abroad experiences with very finely developed abilities in the use of 'like' in conversational exchanges.
When you hear someone speak grammatically correct English without discourse markers, smallwords, change of state tokens, closed class repair initiators, vague category markers and all the rest of it, it starts to become clear how valuable these words are in making speech live.
Apologies for a verge off topic....