Barely a century after the life of Muhammad, a gold coin was minted in Anglo-Saxon England, bearing the inscription ‘there is no God but Allah alone’.

This series tells the rich, under-told and often surprising story of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, beginning with King Offa of Mercia and this enigmatic gold coin.

The gold coin of Offa, king of Mercia, is a unique object because it imitates a gold dinar of the caliph al-Mansur. Although the Arabic inscription is not copied perfectly,the declaration that ‘There is no Deity but Allah, The One, Without Equal, and Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah,’ is clear.

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This coin was engraved, struck and issued by Offa, King of Mercia, 757 – 796
The original from which it was copied was struck in the Islamic year AH 157 (AD 773-74) and whoever the engraver was, it seems they had no understanding of the Arabic script and this we know because the name and title OFFA REX has been inserted upside down in relation to the Arabic inscription.

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He had cordial relations with the Roman See. Two Legates, George and Theophylact, were received by the king at a court held at Lichfield in the year 786.