Moderators: Spinozasgalt, Mazille, reddix







Mazille wrote:
![]()
Why? If I may ask.
For me... I couldn't say. Loads of interesting characters all around. Some Cosimo de’ Medici or other, or one of their rivals, dozens of Roman politicians and emperors, loads of various kings and queens. (I could go on through the ages, but what is the point, really?)
They all have their downsides, though so I wouldn't exactly say "favourite".









When Maria Theresa died, Joseph started issuing edicts—6,000 in all, plus 11,000 new laws designed to regulate and reorder every aspect of the empire. The spirit of Josephinism was benevolent and paternal. He intended to make his people happy, but strictly in accordance with his own criteria.
The busy Joseph inspired a complete reform of the legal system, abolished brutal punishments and the death penalty in most instances, and imposed the principle of complete equality of treatment for all offenders. He ended censorship of the press and theatre.
In 1781–82 he extended full legal freedom to serfs.
To equalize the incidence of taxation, Joseph caused an appraisal of all the lands of the empire to be made so that he might impose a single and egalitarian tax on land. The goal was to modernize the relationship of dependence between the landowners and peasantry, relieve some of the tax burden on the peasantry, and increase state revenues.
To produce a literate citizenry, elementary education was made compulsory for all boys and girls, and higher education on practical lines was offered for a select few. He created scholarships for talented poor students, and allowed the establishment of schools for Jews and other religious minorities. In 1784 he ordered that the country change its language of instruction from Latin to German, a highly controversial step in a multilingual empire.
Joseph's policy of religious toleration was the most advanced of any state in Europe.
Joseph sharply cut the number of holy days to be observed in the Empire and ordered ornamentation in churches to be reduced.
In foreign policy, there was no Enlightenment, only greed for more territory and willingness to undertake unpopular wars.





Users viewing this topic: No registered users and 1 guest