Answer to your question: Fact: No person has ever observed mutations in a multi-cellular species initiating, forming, shaping healthy utilitarian tissues, and placing those tissues in just the correct position in the body of the host so that the host will better survive.
Massive fail, firstly, make sure you understand genetics and the heritability of phenotypes, including organs first, for new phenotypes to be inherited and fixed in the population, the underlying genotype, either the genes itself or their expression patterns, has to change.
Secondly, mutations alone do bugger all, there may be a variety of organ configurations that are suboptimal, and as long as they aren't deleterious (and thus are selected against) they can persist either by
drift alone (if neutral) or positive selection.
Thirdly, just to bitchslap your stupid assertion I'm going to bring up a PNAS paper documenting, among other things, differential selection pressure leading to large scale divergence, and the evolution of
new digestive organsto complement the different selection pressure acting on a subpopulation of
Podarcis sicula The paper in question is
Rapid large-scale evolutionary divergence in morphology and performance associated with
exploitation of a different dietary resource.
http://www.pnas.org/content/105/12/4792.full.pdf+htmlAbstract:
Although rapid adaptive changes in morphology on ecological time scales are now well documented in natural populations, the effects of such changes on whole-organism performance capacity and the consequences on ecological dynamics at the population level are often unclear. Here we show how lizards have rapidly evolved differences in head morphology, bite strength, and digestive tract structure after experimental introduction into a novel environment. Despite the short time scale (≈36 years) since this introduction, these changes in morphology and performance parallel those typically documented among species and even families of lizards in both the type and extent of their specialization. Moreover, these changes have occurred side-by-side with dramatic changes in population density and social structure, providing a compelling example of how the invasion of a novel habitat can evolutionarily drive multiple aspects of the phenotype.
The significance of the bolded statement is that the experimentally introduced subpopulation of Podarcis sicula underwent morpophenotypic change due to differential selection pressures in combination with natural variation and mutation (both of which are definites given the nature of reproduction (meiotic recombination) and the imperfect nature of DNA copying) that included features only seen in previously distantly related
taxonimic families, the important thing that must be kept in mind is that phenotypic changes demand genotypic changes (which is also why the only way to get an exact phenotypic match is a somatic cell based clone, barring identical twins, who may also vary slightly)
Now, onto the relevant section detailing the new organs, please read this and either concede, or be treated with scorn and derision.
This shift to a predominantly plant-based diet has resulted in the dramatic evolution of intestinal morphology. Morphological analysis of preserved specimens shows the presence of cecal valves (Fig. 4) in all individuals, including a hatchling (26.4-mm snout-vent length, umbilical scar present) and a very young juvenile (33.11-mm snout-vent length) examined from Pod Mrčaru. These valves are similar in overall appearance and structure to those found in herbivorous lacertid, agamid, and iguanid lizards (13, 14) and are not found in other populations of P. sicula (13) or in P. melisellensis. Cecal valves slow down food passage and provide for fermenting chambers, allowing commensal microorganisms to convert cellulose to volatile fatty acids (15, 16). Indeed, in the lizards from Pod Mrčaru, nematodes were common in the hindgut but absent from individuals from Pod Kopište. The fact that <1% of all currently known species of squamates have cecal valves (13, 14) illustrates the unusual nature of these structures in this population. The evolution of these structures has likely gone hand in hand with a novel association between P. sicula on Pod Mrčaru and a set of microorganisms assuring the digestion of cellulose as is suggested by the presence of nematodes in the hindgut of individuals from Pod Mrčaru.
Right, so these things, totally absent in the ancestral population, develop in the subpopulation after the selective pressure on it was altered, it thus qualifies it as a novel structure previously unseen in the species, and again, phenotypic variation, by nature, demands genotypic variation, aka mutation.
I am sure you will come up with something, like peppered moths or such. But the fact is a fact that you will ignore and filter out so your belief system will survive. There are "mountains"more.
You guys are sure not good debunkers. But is sure is fun watching you try.
Hmph, see above.
How about another one, of mutation producing different features that enabled insects to survive in a unique niche? This one relates to body size.
Background
The correlations between Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen fluctuations and insect body size suggest that higher oxygen levels facilitate the evolution of larger size in insects.
Methods and Principal Findings
Testing this hypothesis we selected Drosophila melanogaster for large size in three oxygen atmospheric partial pressures (aPO2). Fly body sizes increased by 15% during 11 generations of size selection in 21 and 40 kPa aPO2. However, in 10 kPa aPO2, sizes were strongly reduced. Beginning at the 12th generation, flies were returned to normoxia. All flies had similar, enlarged sizes relative to the starting populations, demonstrating that selection for large size had functionally equivalent genetic effects on size that were independent of aPO2.
Significance
Hypoxia provided a physical constraint on body size even in a tiny insect strongly selected for larger mass, supporting the hypothesis that Triassic hypoxia may have contributed to a reduction in insect size.
Insects evolved in terms of body size when oxygen levels allowed it, big insects may have the advantage of having less predation to face, or find it easier to hunt smaller insects, for instance.