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Jayjay4547 wrote:
The assertions found in Genesis aren’t blind in that they express a perception of the human condition that arose from living in the world.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The views of the “piss-stained” as you called them- fathers of the Abrahamic religions might well outlive your own.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
I’m arguing that “mythological assertion” informed evolutionary explanations in the negative. In other words, people put forward evolutionary perspectives that were the opposite of Genesis. For example, in Genesis the biological world is fashioned from the top down. In Dawkins’s view, its fashioned from the lowest, from the selfish genes.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
You are returning to an earlier point here. I can only speak for myself. I think the author of Genesis , inspired or whatever, was expressing true knowledge of the world in that (a) we along with all life are created beings. By that I refer to our status or condition . I could say we are spectators of the creation except that may have the power to frustrate it, to turn the planet into a rotten egg.. (b) the Creation is good. (c) we have special status in the Creation, though that status is fraught with risk, sin and responsibility.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
Buss’s overreaching application of “evolutionary genetics” to domestic violence in humans is my example of failure.
Jayjay4547 wrote:It can’t inspire anyone or suggest a way to reduce domestic violence.
Jayjay4547 wrote:In fact it has some potential to do the opposite, to make domestic violence seem natural.
Jayjay4547 wrote:And in the twentieth century the Spensarian/Darwinist notion of survival of the fittest did a whole lot of practical damage. Thank goodness those teeth were pulled.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
You could have mentioned Konrad Lorenz there as well. But let me get this right. You are saying that because murderous domestic violence amongst some fish occurs naturally, therefore murderous domestic violence amongst humans is also possibly natural? Oh no, fume, swear, you are NOT saying that. Lying creationists etc. etc. But we could easily get confused.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
Let’s bring that into the realm of human domestic violence, which is what Buss highlighted as being beautifully explained by modern evolutionary genetics and reproduction strategies. I wouldn’t be surprised is genetics does play a role in human domestic violence. I could have trouble separating that from learned behaviour passed from father to son.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
But I would like it explained to me, how the act of the abusive husband is going to be usefully or beautifully explained in terms of his reproduction strategy.
Jayjay4547 wrote: The way Ive seen it usefully explained is, the guy is a bully and a bully can be stopped when a bunch of guys go around at the minister’s instruction, and persuade the husband to stop beating his wife.
ADParker wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
The way I see it, Creationism is basically a rejection of the evolution explanation for the biological past. before Darwin there was no such word as Creationism. I agree it’s not a scientific explanation.
Then you haven't been paying proper attention.
Creationism is at base a religious belief that a god "created" everything (the universe, life, people...whatever.) It is not a "rejection of the evolutionary explanations, but a completely separate explanation. One, unlike the theory of evolution, that has no evidential foundation, only a historical narration one (i.e. stories.) Creationism is the belief in any one of the innumerable creation myths. The rejection of evolution comes in after the fact; because the theory of evolution is seen as a competing threat to creationist doctrine.
Creationist apologetics on the other hand is treated as if it were nothing but a rejection of 'evolution' (be that evolutionary biology or "evolution" as dishonestly defined as "everything in the sciences that conflicts with creationist dogma.") But this is only because of the recognised failings of the doctrine of creationism:
It has no rational or evidential foundation. So apologists can't really properly defend or promote it on those grounds. So they instead attempt to shift the burden of proof by attacking 'evolution' (however they define it) instead.
ADParker wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Well I’m pointing to a problem for a model which is (a) in contention (b) forms an origin narrative and (c) is used as a tool for weak and silly explanations.
However (a) the imagined problem you are claiming is that it succeeds in explaining too much for your tastes, explaining bad things as well as good! and (b) is only in contention ( in the broader scope of the theory) among those who hold to a primitive creation myth that doesn't fit into the scientific theory, not among those who actual understand and care finding out the truth no matter what it might turn out to be.
As for (c); well it has been misused in that way at times, this is true. Such abuses are regularly exposed however. Don't see what that has to do with the topic you started though.Jayjay4547 wrote:
How dare one be sceptical about the utterances of a professional lecturer? Well in the first place this one admits that many other professionals don’t see issues like domestic violence the same way he does.
You weren't being sceptical. You were complaining that he was describing explanations that you found displeasing or not of a "higher" nature, or whatever. You were not challenging the accuracy of his insights (that would be scepticism) but accusing him of using the theory to explain the 'wrong' kinds of things, or something.
ADParker wrote:You claimed that the theory shouldn't explain "dysfunctions", not that it couldn't. And you didn't explain either.
And your second assertion was that the theory of evolution should be used to explain "wonders of creation" and not the negative things that exist just the same.
It tends to be evolutionists who explain dysfunction. That is, evolutionists in the sense of people who like to argue with creationists. Most biologists –(believers in evolution but not evolutionists in that sense) are more fascinated by function. I’m thinking of a piece on the BBC site the other day, about the system whereby a whale opens its mouth to sieve 100 tonnes of water and fish in 10 seconds. I’d like to develop the argument that evolution is used ideologically to support atheism and atheism isn’t just a disbelief in God, it’s a kind of argument with God, and a claim to equality with God. To foreground dysfunction as part of the (anti-)creation is to discredit the creator- even if the speaker doesn’t believe consciously, that the Creator exists..
His suggestions as to the evolutionary underpinnings of such human interactions may well be flawed, and/or overreaching. But that is not what you were blathering on about in the OP.
ADParker wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
It seems to me that evolutionary explanations have been heavily influenced to be the opposite of the creation narrative. After so many decades of confrontation and considering how exercised evolutionists are about it, that should be expected.
And once again you have it arse about face.
Evolutionary theory is science. Creation myths play no part in their formulation whatsoever. While it is possible that some people who have chosen to enter into the argument with creationists (who are so hot to denigrate any science that challenges their cherished little doctrinal beliefs that they will go to any lengths of dishonesty and mendacity in order to at least appear to do so) may at times be influenced by creationist claims, this invariably only amounts to examining real science with a specific intent to counter creationist apologetic nonsense.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
I’m discussing what was presented to me as the views of one of the brightest people on the planet,
ADParker wrote: Why do you so often feel the need to harp on about this claim that Buss is "one of the brightest people on the planet"?! Who gives a fuck?
Jayjay4547 wrote:that “sexual conflict theory, a logical consequence of modern evolutionary genetics, provides the most beautiful theoretical explanation for those darker sides of human sexual interaction”. I’m happy that other people disagree with Buss. The more annoyed other psychologists get with this imperialism by the grand “evolution” paradigm the better for science.
ADParker wrote:What are you talking about?!
Oh...I get it; you are playing that pathetic little game where if someone (especially someone that you can claim as some kind of authority or other) makes an argument using the theory of evolution, and that argument is flawed, erroneous, or even if simply not generally or widely accepted, then that counts NOT ONLY as a slap in the face for this one argument, this one "authority figure evolutionist" ( ) but by some bizarre twist of reasoning; for the theory of evolution itself.
ADParker wrote:Sorry to burst your happy little bubble Jayjay4547, but it doesn't work like that. If you want to achieve that goal then this is what you have to do:
1. Demonstrate to a sufficient level of reliability that this hypothesis is the only reasonable conclusion if examined through the paradigm of evolutionary theory. In other words that if the theory of evolution is accurate then this hypothesis also has top be true. then;
2. Demonstrate that the hypothesis is in fact false.
Only then will refuting the hypothesis affect the theory of evolution on which it rests. Only then.
ADParker wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:My point about Buss’s expression of evolutionary psychology is that it is trivial and weak. Seeing that evolution deals with what mankind has considered the most marvellous and great thing, which is has been called the Creation, that is bad news for mankind’s understanding of the creation in light of evolution. Creationism is strengthened by that weakness.
Did that make some kind of sense when it was in your head?
Rumraket wrote:You should edit that post jayjay, because it's not clear what spearthrower said or what you are responding.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
I set out my interpretation earlier like this:
Jayjay4547 wrote:“The emergence of creationism has been a bit like the way people came to understand that the world is round.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The ancient Greeks “knew” it was round and educated westerners took up the cue, whatever the Hebrew Bible had to say on the matter.
Jayjay4547 wrote:But they knew it in a curiously formal way. For example the Greeks never developed a decent map projection from the round earth although they were wide awake to geometry. Later when Columbus proposed exploiting a practical consequence of roundness, that was considered a radical thing.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
In a similar way, before the geological discoveries of the 19th century, Westerners formally believed that the creation came about as told in Genesis – but they kept it in the same part of their mind as their belief the world is round. I’m not denying that our ancestors made spiritual use of the creation and their veneration for the Creator. Geology brought up new facts that directly contradicted Genesis as a practical account: long age and a long advancing sequence of extinct species. That’s when Creationism arose- as an affirmation that Genesis is true in the practical sense.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
You could argue that the similarity breaks down on the point that the world is actually round but Genesis is actually wrong. What I believe though is that the theory of evolution is a matching polar product of the geological discoveries of the nineteenth century. To a greater extent than atheists might think evolution is just the negative of Genesis- and in ways that Genesis is right. I’m picking out atheists here because the theory of evolution has become the big lever and home of atheism- It’s difficult for a atheist to critique the foundation of his own belief.
Jayjay4547 wrote:I’m not interested in classification for its own sake, but in emphasising that creationism and evolutionism are doctrines in a dance with each other. Creationism has been influenced by Evolutionism “as a name for the religious reaction to Darwin”. Well I want to argue that evolutionism has been influenced by creationism.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
Oh no, I was and am totally skeptical that a consequence of modern evolutionary genetics can provide the most beautiful theoretical explanation for those darker sides of human sexual interaction as includes intimate partner violence. I wouldn’t be surprised if it provides a sidelight on domestic violence. But a beautiful theoretical explanation implies completeness and adequacy- like Newton’s law of gravitational attraction. The claim is overreaching.
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:You claimed that the theory shouldn't explain "dysfunctions", not that it couldn't. And you didn't explain either.
And your second assertion was that the theory of evolution should be used to explain "wonders of creation" and not the negative things that exist just the same.
It tends to be evolutionists who explain dysfunction. That is, evolutionists in the sense of people who like to argue with creationists. Most biologists –(believers in evolution but not evolutionists in that sense) are more fascinated by function. I’m thinking of a piece on the BBC site the other day, about the system whereby a whale opens its mouth to sieve 100 tonnes of water and fish in 10 seconds. I’d like to develop the argument that evolution is used ideologically to support atheism and atheism isn’t just a disbelief in God, it’s a kind of argument with God, and a claim to equality with God. To foreground dysfunction as part of the (anti-)creation is to discredit the creator- even if the speaker doesn’t believe consciously, that the Creator exists..
His suggestions as to the evolutionary underpinnings of such human interactions may well be flawed, and/or overreaching. But that is not what you were blathering on about in the OP.
In the OP I said “I’d expect a theory of how the Creation has worked, to overwhelmingly explain function rather than dysfunction- how cunning functions came about such as the liver, feathers, and human language.
That’s consistent with the above.
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:You claimed that the theory shouldn't explain "dysfunctions", not that it couldn't. And you didn't explain either.
And your second assertion was that the theory of evolution should be used to explain "wonders of creation" and not the negative things that exist just the same.
It tends to be evolutionists who explain dysfunction. That is, evolutionists in the sense of people who like to argue with creationists. Most biologists –(believers in evolution but not evolutionists in that sense) are more fascinated by function. I’m thinking of a piece on the BBC site the other day, about the system whereby a whale opens its mouth to sieve 100 tonnes of water and fish in 10 seconds.
Jayjay4547 wrote:I’d like to develop the argument that evolution is used ideologically to support atheism and atheism isn’t just a disbelief in God, it’s a kind of argument with God, and a claim to equality with God. To foreground dysfunction as part of the (anti-)creation is to discredit the creator- even if the speaker doesn’t believe consciously, that the Creator exists..
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:His suggestions as to the evolutionary underpinnings of such human interactions may well be flawed, and/or overreaching. But that is not what you were blathering on about in the OP.
In the OP I said “I’d expect a theory of how the Creation has worked, to overwhelmingly explain function rather than dysfunction- how cunning functions came about such as the liver, feathers, and human language.
That’s consistent with the above.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
You say “arse about face” as if creationism is a contrary product of evolution (which I agree is true) but evolution is unaffected structurally by creationism.
Jayjay4547 wrote:But consider that evolution was promulgated by a man who might as a young man have entered the ministry, at a time when British society was seriously disturbed by the geological discoveries in the preceding decades.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The intellectual elite of Victorian Britain were serious rounded men of the world with a high sense of responsibility, not science geeks. it would be surprising if Darwin wasn’t influenced by the established origin doctrine of his time- and not necessarily to accommodate it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:What are you talking about?!
Oh...I get it; you are playing that pathetic little game where if someone (especially someone that you can claim as some kind of authority or other) makes an argument using the theory of evolution, and that argument is flawed, erroneous, or even if simply not generally or widely accepted, then that counts NOT ONLY as a slap in the face for this one argument, this one "authority figure evolutionist" ( ) but by some bizarre twist of reasoning; for the theory of evolution itself.
I don’t find it’s a pathetic little game. If someone uses a theory to make weak and overreaching claims on behalf of some theory and if those claims are given provenance then that does impact on the theory. Maybe the whole darn thing is overreaching. It’s not the one big lever but it’s something.
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:Sorry to burst your happy little bubble Jayjay4547, but it doesn't work like that. If you want to achieve that goal then this is what you have to do:
1. Demonstrate to a sufficient level of reliability that this hypothesis is the only reasonable conclusion if examined through the paradigm of evolutionary theory. In other words that if the theory of evolution is accurate then this hypothesis also has top be true. then;
2. Demonstrate that the hypothesis is in fact false.
Only then will refuting the hypothesis affect the theory of evolution on which it rests. Only then.
If the theory of evolution were one theorem then what you say could be valid. But it’s actually a ramified and huge ruling paradigm. It is not to be overthrown by any single test.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
When you say “Sorry to burst your happy little bubble” I don’t accept that your really are sorry. You are just exercising your habit of putting some snide piece into every paragraph. That seems to be standard practice on this board. Have you ever considered just writing with ordinary politeness?
Jayjay4547 wrote:ADParker wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:My point about Buss’s expression of evolutionary psychology is that it is trivial and weak. Seeing that evolution deals with what mankind has considered the most marvellous and great thing, which is has been called the Creation, that is bad news for mankind’s understanding of the creation in light of evolution. Creationism is strengthened by that weakness.
Did that make some kind of sense when it was in your head?
Yes it did but let me try to make it clearer. The old Christian idea of the Creation is that It is good and it is beautiful. I’m thinking of clouds, flowers, butterflies and elephants. Those are also intuitive responses by people all over. Excepting maybe Jews about to gassed in Auschwitz. As a replacement narrative, evolution would need to work with that response. But often evolutionists take the other tack. As Buss did. His punch line was that evolution beautifully explains those darker sides –which includes rape, murder and wife-beating. That’s one of the reasons why many people stick to creationism- in spite of all the hits against it.
Rumraket wrote:Jayjay, how about instead of all this waffling about, you try to explain what it is evolution doesn't explain/can't explain, but should, and why you think it should?
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The assertions found in Genesis aren’t blind in that they express a perception of the human condition that arose from living in the world.
They don't express a "perception" at all. They merely assert that the world operates in a particular fashion, and that said manner of operation is governed by a magical entity. The authors thereof were too busy gazing at their ideological navels to bother looking at the real world, as that nonsense about coloured sticks clearly demonstrates. Indeed, I suspect that quite a few farmers living in that era would be secretly thinking to themselves "this is complete garbage", based upon what they had observed by being farmers, but of course, they would have had to keep this to themselves, because the enforcers of conformity to mythology invariably resort to ruthless suppression of dissenting ideas when those ideas arise. It's not as if we lack evidence for this, and indeed, the authors of that mythology openly admitted in that same mythology, that they travelled around the countryside exterminating people who didn't conform to their doctrine. You do realise that the Old Testament is well supplied with juicy accounts of genocide?
Calilasseia wrote: The only aspect of the human condition that this mythology informs us of, is the willingness of people to adhere to doctrines, even when reality manifestly points and laughs at those doctrines. Indeed, that same mythology provides us with a hilarious pseudo-taxonomy of living organisms later on in Leviticus, which is so replete with basic errors as to be a sad joke. Bats classified as birds, and entire phyla of invertebrates lumped together as "creeping things with four legs" being the two most obvious howlers - with respect to the last, any moderately intelligent five year old can pick up an insect, count its legs, and realise that Leviticus got it woefully, absurdly wrong. And please, spare me the crap apologetics about locusts and grasshoppers I've seen erected before today, because I've dealt with that in the past, when assorted mythology fetishists tried peddling it to me, and I fed that apologetics into the shredder by recourse to real world evidence.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The views of the “piss-stained” as you called them- fathers of the Abrahamic religions might well outlive your own.
The only way in which the farcical nonsense I've covered above will outlive hard empirical science, is if humanity commits some spectacularly gross errors of judgement. You'd better hope that humanity doesn't do this, because you will like living in the 12th century even less than I will, and if some mythology fetishists have their way, that's where they'll drag us all - kicking and screaming back to the 12th century.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
I’m arguing that “mythological assertion” informed evolutionary explanations in the negative.
Er, excuse me, but when scientists were striving to understand the biosphere and its diversity, they didn't bother with mythological assertions at all. They looked for testable natural processes to account for their observations, the same way that scientists looked for testable natural processes to account for phenomena falling within the remit of physics. Your favourite mythology was a fucking irrelevance in all of this, and the only reason scientists wasted time addressing your favourite mythology, was because fetishists for this mythology engaged in a grand piece of foot-stomping to the effect "how dare you find out that reality doesn't conform to doctrine". That's the only reason scientists have ever wasted time with the mythology you love so much, because it had political power and weapons behind it. Without that stolen political power and without those weapons, that mythology would have been a total irrelevance long ago, and it's time that we woke up to the fact that it's well and truly past its sell by date.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:In other words, people put forward evolutionary perspectives that were the opposite of Genesis.
Look, drop once and for all the fatuous and oft-peddled creationist lie, that scientists launched into their investigations as some sort of a priori ideological rejection of mythology. The grand irony is that quite a few of the scientists who contributed to our knowledge today, did so starting out from a position of seeking to affirm the assertions of your mythology, only to discover that reality was telling them an entirely different story. But, instead of ignoring the real world evidence, they chose to listen to it. Which is why we now know that mythological assertions are horseshit.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:For example, in Genesis the biological world is fashioned from the top down. In Dawkins’s view, its fashioned from the lowest, from the selfish genes.
Did I mention Dawkins in all of this? Er, no. Because I don't subscribe to the appeal to authority fallacy. I happen to admire his willingness to expose supernaturalist canards, but with respect to some of the science, he's actually out of date. Hardly surprising, given that he's been out of the research loop for some time. This is why I go looking for actual scientific papers, to find out what the actual researchers and their empirical work are telling anyone who bothers to pay attention. That research, if you bother to pay attention to it, tells us that some interesting entities and phenomena emerged from simpler, antecdent systems, that complicate matters with respect to modern living organisms. However, there exist sufficient examples of simpler, antecedent systems still extant in the biosphere, to provide us with a means of looking back into the past.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:which have become its opposite. A dialectic has developed.
Excuse me, but rampant denial of vast quantities of real world evidence, and the peddling of lies to prop up a mythology-based doctrine, in a futile attempt to overthrow empirically validated scientific postulates, isn't a "dialectic".
Um why not, is “dialectic” too fancy a word for an argument between scientific knights in shining armour and creationist scumbags?Calilasseia wrote: [quote=”Jayjay4547”]Your own language suggests the partisan engagement that is found in a dialectic.
Ahem, this is merely the specious erection of the "interpretations" canard so beloved of propagadists for mythology. And I've dealt with this canard in the past too. Viz..[long text omitted]...:.....As for my own language, I happen to be of the view that when confronted with manifest canards and lies, it is entirely proper to describe them as such. Noting that lies and canards ARE lies and canards isn't "partisan engagement", it's the recognition of basic fact.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
The whole issue of coloured sticks and Mendel was irrelevant to what was under discussion, which was how an all-good creator etc could have made this universe. I don’t have any problem with specific knowledge of the world having increased in the last three thousand years.
Ahem, since the mythology in question erects the very assertions you've just repeated above, about a purported "creator" and the attributes possessed thereby, it IS apposite to note that the mythology in question erects assertions that are known to be wrong, and therefore is suspect with respect to other, untestable assertions. Including assertions that a purported "creator" exists, and possesses a laundry list of attributes. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand? Basically, the mythology you love so much erects a raft of assertions, all of these assertions presented within that mythology as if they constituted established fact. This posturing on the part of your mythology is rendered wholly null and void, the moment any one of those assertions is demonstrated to be wrong. The moment one of those assertions is roundly falsified, this destroys at a stroke any idea that this collection of assertions should be treated as established fact. Do learn this lesson.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:you would have to design better living things yourself before being confident you understand how to do it, that you could do better.
Ahem, if I was "designing" a ground living beetle that had no use for wings, I could do better, by simply ensuring that it didn't have the superfluous wings to begin with. Exactly what part of this elementary notion do you have difficulty understanding again?
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:There’s a level of hubris in the claim of natural imperfections, that might be directly connected with atheism.
Bollocks. There's nothing "hubristic" about realising that trapping fully functional wings under fused elytra is a piece of incompetence on the part of any asserted "designer". It's a recognition of basic fact. If a beetle doesn't need wings to go about its daily business, why "design" one that has wings, and moreover, has those wings rendered totally useless under fused elytra? This doesn't make any fucking sense at all. The idea that some hyper-intelligent "designer" possessing vast powers of reasoning was responsible for this, is fucking laughable. A five year old can work this out.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Considering how living things embody piled up levels of competencies, how their study has involved armies of biologists for centuries now with no end in sight, you should logically be more circumspect.
Please, once again, do explain to me how the example I've provided above is anything other than a gargantuan slap in the face for assertions about a fantasy "designer" with mega-powers. I've just explained how I could do the job better if I had the requisite tools.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:If it did I might suspect it of being written by aliens posing as God. Because the apparent interface between mankind and the higher level would be suspiciously simple.
Actually, there's a far simpler, far more parsimonious explanation, that doesn't involve fabricating ANY superfluous entities. Namely, the Middle Eastern nomads made shit up and treated their made up shit as fact, because they were too backward to do any better. We don't need to invoke fantasy aliens, let alone fantasy invisible magic men in the sky, all we need to do is recognise that pre-scientific humans were capable of letting their febrile but limited imaginations run away with them.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
I don’t much like the term “evolutionist” either, I hesitated long before using it. But it’s a practical working term for people who are attracted towards arguing with creationists.
No it isn't, it's a piece of discoursive duplicity, and I explained why it's a piece of discoursive duplicity in the part you snipped out above. Namely, it's a deliberate attempt to misrepresent valid empirical science as a "doctrine" and an "ideology", partly as a smokescreen to hide the fact that creationism is an ideology, and partly for the mendacious purpose of then erecting the apologetic fabrication that said valid empirical science is, by default, the "wrong" ideology, which of course, once again, is merely asserted by stormtroopers for creationist doctrine. Creationism consists of assertions all the way down.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many aren’t evolutionary biologists.
But, and this is the important part, those of us who aren't, exercise the effort to pay attention to those who are. Which is why we expend the effort required to read the scientific papers. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand?
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many are there to snigger and bully
Bullshit. Exactly how much "sniggering" is involved in demonstrating, for example, that one of your assertions in another thread, about evolution being teleologically directed, is refuted wholesale by numerous scientific papers documenting real world evidence? Speaking of which, got an answer for any of those papers?
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:and to be on the “educated” side.
Well if being educated means paying attention to the people who do the hard work of actual empirical research, then I'm guilty as charged and proud of it. Which is a damn sight better position to be in, than the position of ignoring wholesale vast reams of evidence, and pretending that the scribblings of some backward tribal people 3,000 years ago constitutes the last word in knowledge.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:. I think the author of Genesis , inspired or whatever, was expressing true knowledge of the world in that (a) we along with all life are created beings.
Evidence for this? Where is it? Please, point to the evidence that humans are the product of a cheap conjuring trick with some dirt. I'l have fun pointing you at relevant papers from the world of moelcular phylogeny in return.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:By that I refer to our status or condition . I could say we are spectators of the creation except that may have the power to frustrate it, to turn the planet into a rotten egg..
Oh, you do realise that some of the world's leading physicists are about to toss the whole "creation" myth into the bin? I've presented relevant papers in the past, it won't be hard for you to find them. Just look up "Steinhardt & Turok".
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Buss’s overreaching application of “evolutionary genetics” to domestic violence in humans is my example of failure.
Well if he's wrong, we'll soon know, because someone will come along and provide the relevant empirical research demonstrating this. When that happens, we'll move on to a better idea. That's the whole point in case you hadn't worked this out, namely, ideas are disposable entities, and the decision to dispose of a given idea, or collection thereof, is made when reality tells us to. At least, this is how it works in genuine intellectual disciplines. Religion, on the other hand, responds to real world evidence by making up more shit in a desperate attempt to keep failed assertions alive at all costs, including assertions that reality has long since pointed and laughed at.
Calilasseia wrote:Please, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because a given phenomenon occurs as a natural outcome of various contributing factors, has no relevance to how we choose to judge that phenomenon from an ethical standpoint. The two are entirely different. Rape occurs in numerous animal species, but no one here amongst the reality defenders will erect apolgetics justifying rape, they will all agree that from an ethical standpoint, it's repugnant, and that it's repugnant because of the measurable harm inflicted upon the victim.
Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:And in the twentieth century the Spensarian/Darwinist notion of survival of the fittest did a whole lot of practical damage.
Actually, it wasn't Darwin who erected this notion. It was the product of Francis Galton, who took Darwin's ideas and barked up an entirely wrong tree with them. If you actually read Darwin's own words on the subject, his view was much more sophisticated, namely, survival of the sufficiently competent. You don't have to be perfect, you just have to be good enough. Unfortunately, Galton was not only a man with a gift for rhetoric, he was also a part time occupier of the fringes of madness, and a professional racist. Oh, and please, don't try and erect any of the duplicitous lies peddled by the likes of Richard Weikart, trying to misrepresent Darwin as a racist, because I'll happily come back and carpet bomb that bullshit too.
Calilasseia wrote: Oh, and what about the practical damage arising from creationism? You do realise that creationism was adopted in full by the Ku Klux Klan, who used the "Hamitic races" nonsense in Genesis to justify slavery and oppression of black people? Indeed, arch-charlatan and professsional liar for doctrine Henry Morris continued peddling this in the 1960s, and Ken Ham's concentration camp for the mind in Kentucky still peddles this venomous racist bullshit.
Calilasseia wrote: Like I said above, there's a difference between "natural" in the sense of "occurring as a result of well defined and testable processes" and "natural" in the oft-misused colloquial sense of "ethically justified". Once again, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because there happens to be a natural explanation for a given phenomenon, doesn't affect ethical judgements about that phenomenon. Oh, and fish aren't the only animal model, I merely chose those because they're the ones I'm familiar with, courtesy of 35 years of fishkeeping amongst other things.
My position is that this mythology has also informed the way the theory of evolution has been understood and presented- in the negative, as the opposite.
The atheist ideology seeks to make out that isn’t the case. When we get that monkey off our backs we will make some progress.
Not blind, it’s an exclamation that comes to many when we look at clouds, the sea, flowers and butterflies. It’s in Genesis as well, its author was inspired by the creation.
No, that one is objective fact. Ours is the one species on Earth that could totally screw up the planet. And we are the one species that could understand a charge laid against us on that score.
All too real, for anyone living consciously in the 21st century.
Yes, Creationism has been championed for the aims of venomous racist buillshit like you say. I know that well from my own childhood when my classmates held it as a fact that black people had evolved from monkeys, but whites came from Adam and Eve. But on a larger scale, to understand thestaggering excesses of the twentieth century by Westerners, it is necessary to look at the coupled impact of atheism and the theory of evolution.
They are linked in practice. What is “natural” has great authority. In a sane society it can merely keep people from effective remedies- as Darwin’s view on the natural inevitable extermination of “savage races” merely lessened the horror of the English at what they had already done to the Tasmanian aboriginals.
If it were true that evolution provides a beautiful and therefore complete and adequate explanation for rape then I would hesitate to say, don’t investigate or publicise that. But I don’t for a second believe that it does and the claim is overreaching and dangerous.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The assertions found in Genesis aren’t blind in that they express a perception of the human condition that arose from living in the world.
They don't express a "perception" at all. They merely assert that the world operates in a particular fashion, and that said manner of operation is governed by a magical entity. The authors thereof were too busy gazing at their ideological navels to bother looking at the real world, as that nonsense about coloured sticks clearly demonstrates. Indeed, I suspect that quite a few farmers living in that era would be secretly thinking to themselves "this is complete garbage", based upon what they had observed by being farmers, but of course, they would have had to keep this to themselves, because the enforcers of conformity to mythology invariably resort to ruthless suppression of dissenting ideas when those ideas arise. It's not as if we lack evidence for this, and indeed, the authors of that mythology openly admitted in that same mythology, that they travelled around the countryside exterminating people who didn't conform to their doctrine. You do realise that the Old Testament is well supplied with juicy accounts of genocide?
The framers of the OT were much closer to farming than most of us are today- that is reflected in frequent references to planting, sowing, herding and predation. So “suspect”if you like that they would be on your side, it’s more likely that what found its way into the texts reflected the intuition based on being in immediate contact with the ground. It’s only in the last hundred and fifty years that their perceptions has been called by some, garbage.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: The only aspect of the human condition that this mythology informs us of, is the willingness of people to adhere to doctrines, even when reality manifestly points and laughs at those doctrines. Indeed, that same mythology provides us with a hilarious pseudo-taxonomy of living organisms later on in Leviticus, which is so replete with basic errors as to be a sad joke. Bats classified as birds, and entire phyla of invertebrates lumped together as "creeping things with four legs" being the two most obvious howlers - with respect to the last, any moderately intelligent five year old can pick up an insect, count its legs, and realise that Leviticus got it woefully, absurdly wrong. And please, spare me the crap apologetics about locusts and grasshoppers I've seen erected before today, because I've dealt with that in the past, when assorted mythology fetishists tried peddling it to me, and I fed that apologetics into the shredder by recourse to real world evidence.
My position is that this mythology has also informed the way the theory of evolution has been understood and presented- in the negative, as the opposite.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The views of the “piss-stained” as you called them- fathers of the Abrahamic religions might well outlive your own.
The only way in which the farcical nonsense I've covered above will outlive hard empirical science, is if humanity commits some spectacularly gross errors of judgement. You'd better hope that humanity doesn't do this, because you will like living in the 12th century even less than I will, and if some mythology fetishists have their way, that's where they'll drag us all - kicking and screaming back to the 12th century.
Well that remains to be seen. One thing that could drag us back to the 12th century or beyond could be a nuclear war. Another could be serious climate change such as envisaged by Lovelock. In either case, the survivors will have quite a different attitude to science.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
I’m arguing that “mythological assertion” informed evolutionary explanations in the negative.
Er, excuse me, but when scientists were striving to understand the biosphere and its diversity, they didn't bother with mythological assertions at all. They looked for testable natural processes to account for their observations, the same way that scientists looked for testable natural processes to account for phenomena falling within the remit of physics. Your favourite mythology was a fucking irrelevance in all of this, and the only reason scientists wasted time addressing your favourite mythology, was because fetishists for this mythology engaged in a grand piece of foot-stomping to the effect "how dare you find out that reality doesn't conform to doctrine". That's the only reason scientists have ever wasted time with the mythology you love so much, because it had political power and weapons behind it. Without that stolen political power and without those weapons, that mythology would have been a total irrelevance long ago, and it's time that we woke up to the fact that it's well and truly past its sell by date.
Historically, the theory of evolution was invented by people who were disturbed by the geological evidence and became alert to Genesis as a literal story that might wrong. I believe that influenced their new theory and set the mould of alliances that have fed a dialectic up till today.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:In other words, people put forward evolutionary perspectives that were the opposite of Genesis.
Look, drop once and for all the fatuous and oft-peddled creationist lie, that scientists launched into their investigations as some sort of a priori ideological rejection of mythology. The grand irony is that quite a few of the scientists who contributed to our knowledge today, did so starting out from a position of seeking to affirm the assertions of your mythology, only to discover that reality was telling them an entirely different story. But, instead of ignoring the real world evidence, they chose to listen to it. Which is why we now know that mythological assertions are horseshit.
Ja the narrative of apostasy. If you can cite an example we can go into it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:For example, in Genesis the biological world is fashioned from the top down. In Dawkins’s view, its fashioned from the lowest, from the selfish genes.
Did I mention Dawkins in all of this? Er, no. Because I don't subscribe to the appeal to authority fallacy. I happen to admire his willingness to expose supernaturalist canards, but with respect to some of the science, he's actually out of date. Hardly surprising, given that he's been out of the research loop for some time. This is why I go looking for actual scientific papers, to find out what the actual researchers and their empirical work are telling anyone who bothers to pay attention. That research, if you bother to pay attention to it, tells us that some interesting entities and phenomena emerged from simpler, antecdent systems, that complicate matters with respect to modern living organisms. However, there exist sufficient examples of simpler, antecedent systems still extant in the biosphere, to provide us with a means of looking back into the past.
The fact that you didn’t mention Dawkins doesn’t stop me from doing that. I cited his notion of the selfish gene as the analytical basis for change in nature. Nothing to do with “simpler. antecedent systems”. You are treating this discussion as if you were holding it with a denialist, a young-earth creationist. I’ve given you plenty of evidence that it’s not so. Mind you, I am a fellow-traveller with them.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:which have become its opposite. A dialectic has developed.
Excuse me, but rampant denial of vast quantities of real world evidence, and the peddling of lies to prop up a mythology-based doctrine, in a futile attempt to overthrow empirically validated scientific postulates, isn't a "dialectic".
Um why not, is “dialectic” too fancy a word for an argument between scientific knights in shining armour and creationist scumbags?
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Your own language suggests the partisan engagement that is found in a dialectic.
Ahem, this is merely the specious erection of the "interpretations" canard so beloved of propagadists for mythology. And I've dealt with this canard in the past too. Viz..[long text omitted]...:.....As for my own language, I happen to be of the view that when confronted with manifest canards and lies, it is entirely proper to describe them as such. Noting that lies and canards ARE lies and canards isn't "partisan engagement", it's the recognition of basic fact.
I haven’t lied or dealt in canards. I just say that your expletive-filled language suggests engagement.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
The whole issue of coloured sticks and Mendel was irrelevant to what was under discussion, which was how an all-good creator etc could have made this universe. I don’t have any problem with specific knowledge of the world having increased in the last three thousand years.
Ahem, since the mythology in question erects the very assertions you've just repeated above, about a purported "creator" and the attributes possessed thereby, it IS apposite to note that the mythology in question erects assertions that are known to be wrong, and therefore is suspect with respect to other, untestable assertions. Including assertions that a purported "creator" exists, and possesses a laundry list of attributes. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand? Basically, the mythology you love so much erects a raft of assertions, all of these assertions presented within that mythology as if they constituted established fact. This posturing on the part of your mythology is rendered wholly null and void, the moment any one of those assertions is demonstrated to be wrong. The moment one of those assertions is roundly falsified, this destroys at a stroke any idea that this collection of assertions should be treated as established fact. Do learn this lesson.
I don’t have any problem with specific knowledge of the world having increased in the last three thousand years. The long list of attributes that my faith (I’m an Anglican) makes about God are just working beliefs to gain some spiritual purpose. I don’t use them to prove that the creator exists or can’t exist etc.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:you would have to design better living things yourself before being confident you understand how to do it, that you could do better.
Ahem, if I was "designing" a ground living beetle that had no use for wings, I could do better, by simply ensuring that it didn't have the superfluous wings to begin with. Exactly what part of this elementary notion do you have difficulty understanding again?
I find ID interesting in the echoes that I find with my own understanding, but I’m no IDist. You yourself couldn’t actually design a beetle. You could draw a beetle with a pencil. You could make a model out of plasticene. Designers of advanced things spend years learning how the world works in the area of their interest. To speak meaningfully about designing a beetle you would have to know and use the way the beetle form plays out from its genes. One way that works evidently, is a particular beetle with functioning wings that can never open. So, there are many more beetles with wings that do open. You are spitting on nature.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:There’s a level of hubris in the claim of natural imperfections, that might be directly connected with atheism.
Bollocks. There's nothing "hubristic" about realising that trapping fully functional wings under fused elytra is a piece of incompetence on the part of any asserted "designer". It's a recognition of basic fact. If a beetle doesn't need wings to go about its daily business, why "design" one that has wings, and moreover, has those wings rendered totally useless under fused elytra? This doesn't make any fucking sense at all. The idea that some hyper-intelligent "designer" possessing vast powers of reasoning was responsible for this, is fucking laughable. A five year old can work this out.Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Considering how living things embody piled up levels of competencies, how their study has involved armies of biologists for centuries now with no end in sight, you should logically be more circumspect.
Please, once again, do explain to me how the example I've provided above is anything other than a gargantuan slap in the face for assertions about a fantasy "designer" with mega-powers. I've just explained how I could do the job better if I had the requisite tools.
You don’t have the requisite tools. I’m not sure you could even draw a decent beetle with a pencil.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
Yes. Like I said, I don’t think the Bible contains information about what can be experimentally determined, but wasn’t known at the time. It’s a book of wisdom.
Jayjay4547 wrote:And some of what is said today in the name of science lacks wisdom.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:If it did I might suspect it of being written by aliens posing as God. Because the apparent interface between mankind and the higher level would be suspiciously simple.
Actually, there's a far simpler, far more parsimonious explanation, that doesn't involve fabricating ANY superfluous entities. Namely, the Middle Eastern nomads made shit up and treated their made up shit as fact, because they were too backward to do any better. We don't need to invoke fantasy aliens, let alone fantasy invisible magic men in the sky, all we need to do is recognise that pre-scientific humans were capable of letting their febrile but limited imaginations run away with them.
Gosh, pre-scientific humans. I believe we aren’t that different from people of earlier ages, just as liable to invest in ideologies, defend them to the death.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
I don’t much like the term “evolutionist” either, I hesitated long before using it. But it’s a practical working term for people who are attracted towards arguing with creationists.
No it isn't, it's a piece of discoursive duplicity, and I explained why it's a piece of discoursive duplicity in the part you snipped out above. Namely, it's a deliberate attempt to misrepresent valid empirical science as a "doctrine" and an "ideology", partly as a smokescreen to hide the fact that creationism is an ideology, and partly for the mendacious purpose of then erecting the apologetic fabrication that said valid empirical science is, by default, the "wrong" ideology, which of course, once again, is merely asserted by stormtroopers for creationist doctrine. Creationism consists of assertions all the way down.
Creationism is interesting as contradiction. A bunch of people in the most vital culture on Earth enjoy partaking in it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Instead of swearing at it you could try to understand it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many aren’t evolutionary biologists.
But, and this is the important part, those of us who aren't, exercise the effort to pay attention to those who are. Which is why we expend the effort required to read the scientific papers. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand?
The 128mm atomic canon, the constant swearing, don’t get me started.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many are there to snigger and bully
Bullshit. Exactly how much "sniggering" is involved in demonstrating, for example, that one of your assertions in another thread, about evolution being teleologically directed, is refuted wholesale by numerous scientific papers documenting real world evidence? Speaking of which, got an answer for any of those papers?
You will never find me using that word “teleological”. I’ll reply to your post there as I have the time.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:and to be on the “educated” side.
Well if being educated means paying attention to the people who do the hard work of actual empirical research, then I'm guilty as charged and proud of it. Which is a damn sight better position to be in, than the position of ignoring wholesale vast reams of evidence, and pretending that the scribblings of some backward tribal people 3,000 years ago constitutes the last word in knowledge.
I don’t claim the OT constitutes the last word in knowledge. I claim it embodies a valid vision of the human condition or status
Jayjay4547 wrote: , as widely understood up till 150 years ago – and that the replacement vision is more reactive than creative.
I’m saying that intemperate language and bullying behaviour sticks to the name of its users.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:. I think the author of Genesis , inspired or whatever, was expressing true knowledge of the world in that (a) we along with all life are created beings.
Evidence for this? Where is it? Please, point to the evidence that humans are the product of a cheap conjuring trick with some dirt. I'l have fun pointing you at relevant papers from the world of moelcular phylogeny in return.
It’s about status in the world. A created being doesn’t know the full story how it came to be, some thing or someone else knows more. The atheist ideology seeks to make out that isn’t the case. When we get that monkey off our backs we will make some progress.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:By that I refer to our status or condition . I could say we are spectators of the creation except that may have the power to frustrate it, to turn the planet into a rotten egg..
Oh, you do realise that some of the world's leading physicists are about to toss the whole "creation" myth into the bin? I've presented relevant papers in the past, it won't be hard for you to find them. Just look up "Steinhardt & Turok".
Their theory that universe pulsates is interesting but irrelevant as a response. The risk our turning this planet into a rotten egg is that we take over and enslave planetary ecology before finding the basis for its generosity. A Borg planet.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The assertions found in Genesis aren’t blind in that they express a perception of the human condition that arose from living in the world.
They don't express a "perception" at all. They merely assert that the world operates in a particular fashion, and that said manner of operation is governed by a magical entity. The authors thereof were too busy gazing at their ideological navels to bother looking at the real world, as that nonsense about coloured sticks clearly demonstrates. Indeed, I suspect that quite a few farmers living in that era would be secretly thinking to themselves "this is complete garbage", based upon what they had observed by being farmers, but of course, they would have had to keep this to themselves, because the enforcers of conformity to mythology invariably resort to ruthless suppression of dissenting ideas when those ideas arise. It's not as if we lack evidence for this, and indeed, the authors of that mythology openly admitted in that same mythology, that they travelled around the countryside exterminating people who didn't conform to their doctrine. You do realise that the Old Testament is well supplied with juicy accounts of genocide?
The framers of the OT were much closer to farming than most of us are today- that is reflected in frequent references to planting, sowing, herding and predation. So “suspect”if you like that they would be on your side, it’s more likely that what found its way into the texts reflected the intuition based on being in immediate contact with the ground.
Jayjay4547 wrote:It’s only in the last hundred and fifty years that their perceptions has been called by some, garbage.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: The only aspect of the human condition that this mythology informs us of, is the willingness of people to adhere to doctrines, even when reality manifestly points and laughs at those doctrines. Indeed, that same mythology provides us with a hilarious pseudo-taxonomy of living organisms later on in Leviticus, which is so replete with basic errors as to be a sad joke. Bats classified as birds, and entire phyla of invertebrates lumped together as "creeping things with four legs" being the two most obvious howlers - with respect to the last, any moderately intelligent five year old can pick up an insect, count its legs, and realise that Leviticus got it woefully, absurdly wrong. And please, spare me the crap apologetics about locusts and grasshoppers I've seen erected before today, because I've dealt with that in the past, when assorted mythology fetishists tried peddling it to me, and I fed that apologetics into the shredder by recourse to real world evidence.
My position is that this mythology has also informed the way the theory of evolution has been understood and presented- in the negative, as the opposite.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:The views of the “piss-stained” as you called them- fathers of the Abrahamic religions might well outlive your own.
The only way in which the farcical nonsense I've covered above will outlive hard empirical science, is if humanity commits some spectacularly gross errors of judgement. You'd better hope that humanity doesn't do this, because you will like living in the 12th century even less than I will, and if some mythology fetishists have their way, that's where they'll drag us all - kicking and screaming back to the 12th century.
Well that remains to be seen. One thing that could drag us back to the 12th century or beyond could be a nuclear war.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Another could be serious climate change such as envisaged by Lovelock.
Jayjay4547 wrote:In either case, the survivors will have quite a different attitude to science.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:I’m arguing that “mythological assertion” informed evolutionary explanations in the negative.
Er, excuse me, but when scientists were striving to understand the biosphere and its diversity, they didn't bother with mythological assertions at all. They looked for testable natural processes to account for their observations, the same way that scientists looked for testable natural processes to account for phenomena falling within the remit of physics. Your favourite mythology was a fucking irrelevance in all of this, and the only reason scientists wasted time addressing your favourite mythology, was because fetishists for this mythology engaged in a grand piece of foot-stomping to the effect "how dare you find out that reality doesn't conform to doctrine". That's the only reason scientists have ever wasted time with the mythology you love so much, because it had political power and weapons behind it. Without that stolen political power and without those weapons, that mythology would have been a total irrelevance long ago, and it's time that we woke up to the fact that it's well and truly past its sell by date.
Historically, the theory of evolution was invented by people who were disturbed by the geological evidence and became alert to Genesis as a literal story that might wrong.
Jayjay4547 wrote:I believe that influenced their new theory
Jayjay4547 wrote:and set the mould of alliances that have fed a dialectic up till today.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:In other words, people put forward evolutionary perspectives that were the opposite of Genesis.
Look, drop once and for all the fatuous and oft-peddled creationist lie, that scientists launched into their investigations as some sort of a priori ideological rejection of mythology. The grand irony is that quite a few of the scientists who contributed to our knowledge today, did so starting out from a position of seeking to affirm the assertions of your mythology, only to discover that reality was telling them an entirely different story. But, instead of ignoring the real world evidence, they chose to listen to it. Which is why we now know that mythological assertions are horseshit.
Ja the narrative of apostasy. If you can cite an example we can go into it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:For example, in Genesis the biological world is fashioned from the top down. In Dawkins’s view, its fashioned from the lowest, from the selfish genes.
Did I mention Dawkins in all of this? Er, no. Because I don't subscribe to the appeal to authority fallacy. I happen to admire his willingness to expose supernaturalist canards, but with respect to some of the science, he's actually out of date. Hardly surprising, given that he's been out of the research loop for some time. This is why I go looking for actual scientific papers, to find out what the actual researchers and their empirical work are telling anyone who bothers to pay attention. That research, if you bother to pay attention to it, tells us that some interesting entities and phenomena emerged from simpler, antecdent systems, that complicate matters with respect to modern living organisms. However, there exist sufficient examples of simpler, antecedent systems still extant in the biosphere, to provide us with a means of looking back into the past.
The fact that you didn’t mention Dawkins doesn’t stop me from doing that. I cited his notion of the selfish gene as the analytical basis for change in nature. Nothing to do with “simpler. antecedent systems”. You are treating this discussion as if you were holding it with a denialist, a young-earth creationist. I’ve given you plenty of evidence that it’s not so. Mind you, I am a fellow-traveller with them.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:which have become its opposite. A dialectic has developed.
Excuse me, but rampant denial of vast quantities of real world evidence, and the peddling of lies to prop up a mythology-based doctrine, in a futile attempt to overthrow empirically validated scientific postulates, isn't a "dialectic".
Um why not, is “dialectic” too fancy a word for an argument between scientific knights in shining armour and creationist scumbags?
Your choice of epithet, not mine, but one that quite a few here will find pleasing.Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: [quote=”Jayjay4547”]Your own language suggests the partisan engagement that is found in a dialectic.
Ahem, this is merely the specious erection of the "interpretations" canard so beloved of propagadists for mythology. And I've dealt with this canard in the past too. Viz..[long text omitted]...:.....As for my own language, I happen to be of the view that when confronted with manifest canards and lies, it is entirely proper to describe them as such. Noting that lies and canards ARE lies and canards isn't "partisan engagement", it's the recognition of basic fact.
I haven’t lied or dealt in canards. I just say that your expletive-filled language suggests engagement.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
The whole issue of coloured sticks and Mendel was irrelevant to what was under discussion, which was how an all-good creator etc could have made this universe. I don’t have any problem with specific knowledge of the world having increased in the last three thousand years.
Ahem, since the mythology in question erects the very assertions you've just repeated above, about a purported "creator" and the attributes possessed thereby, it IS apposite to note that the mythology in question erects assertions that are known to be wrong, and therefore is suspect with respect to other, untestable assertions. Including assertions that a purported "creator" exists, and possesses a laundry list of attributes. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand? Basically, the mythology you love so much erects a raft of assertions, all of these assertions presented within that mythology as if they constituted established fact. This posturing on the part of your mythology is rendered wholly null and void, the moment any one of those assertions is demonstrated to be wrong. The moment one of those assertions is roundly falsified, this destroys at a stroke any idea that this collection of assertions should be treated as established fact. Do learn this lesson.
I don’t have any problem with specific knowledge of the world having increased in the last three thousand years. The long list of attributes that my faith (I’m an Anglican) makes about God are just working beliefs to gain some spiritual purpose. I don’t use them to prove that the creator exists or can’t exist etc.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:you would have to design better living things yourself before being confident you understand how to do it, that you could do better.
Ahem, if I was "designing" a ground living beetle that had no use for wings, I could do better, by simply ensuring that it didn't have the superfluous wings to begin with. Exactly what part of this elementary notion do you have difficulty understanding again?
I find ID interesting in the echoes that I find with my own understanding
Jayjay4547 wrote:but I’m no IDist. You yourself couldn’t actually design a beetle.
Jayjay4547 wrote:You could draw a beetle with a pencil. You could make a model out of plasticene. Designers of advanced things spend years learning how the world works in the area of their interest. To speak meaningfully about designing a beetle you would have to know and use the way the beetle form plays out from its genes.
Jayjay4547 wrote:One way that works evidently, is a particular beetle with functioning wings that can never open. So, there are many more beetles with wings that do open. You are spitting on nature.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:There’s a level of hubris in the claim of natural imperfections, that might be directly connected with atheism.
Bollocks. There's nothing "hubristic" about realising that trapping fully functional wings under fused elytra is a piece of incompetence on the part of any asserted "designer". It's a recognition of basic fact. If a beetle doesn't need wings to go about its daily business, why "design" one that has wings, and moreover, has those wings rendered totally useless under fused elytra? This doesn't make any fucking sense at all. The idea that some hyper-intelligent "designer" possessing vast powers of reasoning was responsible for this, is fucking laughable. A five year old can work this out.Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Considering how living things embody piled up levels of competencies, how their study has involved armies of biologists for centuries now with no end in sight, you should logically be more circumspect.
Please, once again, do explain to me how the example I've provided above is anything other than a gargantuan slap in the face for assertions about a fantasy "designer" with mega-powers. I've just explained how I could do the job better if I had the requisite tools.
You don’t have the requisite tools. I’m not sure you could even draw a decent beetle with a pencil.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
Yes. Like I said, I don’t think the Bible contains information about what can be experimentally determined, but wasn’t known at the time. It’s a book of wisdom.
Jayjay4547 wrote:And some of what is said today in the name of science lacks wisdom.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:If it did I might suspect it of being written by aliens posing as God. Because the apparent interface between mankind and the higher level would be suspiciously simple.
Actually, there's a far simpler, far more parsimonious explanation, that doesn't involve fabricating ANY superfluous entities. Namely, the Middle Eastern nomads made shit up and treated their made up shit as fact, because they were too backward to do any better. We don't need to invoke fantasy aliens, let alone fantasy invisible magic men in the sky, all we need to do is recognise that pre-scientific humans were capable of letting their febrile but limited imaginations run away with them.
Gosh, pre-scientific humans. I believe we aren’t that different from people of earlier ages, just as liable to invest in ideologies, defend them to the death.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:
I don’t much like the term “evolutionist” either, I hesitated long before using it. But it’s a practical working term for people who are attracted towards arguing with creationists.
No it isn't, it's a piece of discoursive duplicity, and I explained why it's a piece of discoursive duplicity in the part you snipped out above. Namely, it's a deliberate attempt to misrepresent valid empirical science as a "doctrine" and an "ideology", partly as a smokescreen to hide the fact that creationism is an ideology, and partly for the mendacious purpose of then erecting the apologetic fabrication that said valid empirical science is, by default, the "wrong" ideology, which of course, once again, is merely asserted by stormtroopers for creationist doctrine. Creationism consists of assertions all the way down.
Creationism is interesting as contradiction.
Jayjay4547 wrote:A bunch of people in the most vital culture on Earth enjoy partaking in it. Instead of swearing at it you could try to understand it.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many aren’t evolutionary biologists.
But, and this is the important part, those of us who aren't, exercise the effort to pay attention to those who are. Which is why we expend the effort required to read the scientific papers. What part of this elementary concept do you not understand?
The 128mm atomic canon, the constant swearing, don’t get me started.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Many are there to snigger and bully
Bullshit. Exactly how much "sniggering" is involved in demonstrating, for example, that one of your assertions in another thread, about evolution being teleologically directed, is refuted wholesale by numerous scientific papers documenting real world evidence? Speaking of which, got an answer for any of those papers?
You will never find me using that word “teleological”. I’ll reply to your post there as I have the time.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:and to be on the “educated” side.
Well if being educated means paying attention to the people who do the hard work of actual empirical research, then I'm guilty as charged and proud of it. Which is a damn sight better position to be in, than the position of ignoring wholesale vast reams of evidence, and pretending that the scribblings of some backward tribal people 3,000 years ago constitutes the last word in knowledge.
I don’t claim the OT constitutes the last word in knowledge. I claim it embodies a valid vision of the human condition or status , as widely understood up till 150 years ago – and that the replacement vision is more reactive than creative.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
I’m saying that intemperate language and bullying behaviour sticks to the name of its users.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:. I think the author of Genesis , inspired or whatever, was expressing true knowledge of the world in that (a) we along with all life are created beings.
Evidence for this? Where is it? Please, point to the evidence that humans are the product of a cheap conjuring trick with some dirt. I'l have fun pointing you at relevant papers from the world of moelcular phylogeny in return.
It’s about status in the world. A created being doesn’t know the full story how it came to be, some thing or someone else knows more.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The atheist ideology
Jayjay4547 wrote:seeks to make out that isn’t the case.
Jayjay4547 wrote:When we get that monkey off our backs we will make some progress.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:By that I refer to our status or condition . I could say we are spectators of the creation except that may have the power to frustrate it, to turn the planet into a rotten egg..
Oh, you do realise that some of the world's leading physicists are about to toss the whole "creation" myth into the bin? I've presented relevant papers in the past, it won't be hard for you to find them. Just look up "Steinhardt & Turok".
Their theory that universe pulsates is interesting but irrelevant as a response.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The risk our turning this planet into a rotten egg is that we take over and enslave planetary ecology before finding the basis for its generosity. A Borg planet.
Jayjay4547 wrote:
No, that one is objective fact. Ours is the one species on Earth that could totally screw up the planet. And we are the one species that could understand a charge laid against us on that score.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Buss’s overreaching application of “evolutionary genetics” to domestic violence in humans is my example of failure.
Well if he's wrong, we'll soon know, because someone will come along and provide the relevant empirical research demonstrating this. When that happens, we'll move on to a better idea. That's the whole point in case you hadn't worked this out, namely, ideas are disposable entities, and the decision to dispose of a given idea, or collection thereof, is made when reality tells us to. At least, this is how it works in genuine intellectual disciplines. Religion, on the other hand, responds to real world evidence by making up more shit in a desperate attempt to keep failed assertions alive at all costs, including assertions that reality has long since pointed and laughed at.
In the real world professor Buss put on a kind of theatrical show, he realised a popular position in terms that he might not have taken that seriously himself. The discipline of evolutionary psychology will survive so long as a sufficiently large group of salaried academics are drawn towards it. It’s probably pretty robust at present. Schools survive by different rules than individual scientific publications.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Please, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because a given phenomenon occurs as a natural outcome of various contributing factors, has no relevance to how we choose to judge that phenomenon from an ethical standpoint. The two are entirely different. Rape occurs in numerous animal species, but no one here amongst the reality defenders will erect apolgetics justifying rape, they will all agree that from an ethical standpoint, it's repugnant, and that it's repugnant because of the measurable harm inflicted upon the victim.
What is deemed to be natural is in practice a powerful implicit justification for it, on the lines of “boys will be boys”.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:And in the twentieth century the Spensarian/Darwinist notion of survival of the fittest did a whole lot of practical damage.
Actually, it wasn't Darwin who erected this notion. It was the product of Francis Galton, who took Darwin's ideas and barked up an entirely wrong tree with them. If you actually read Darwin's own words on the subject, his view was much more sophisticated, namely, survival of the sufficiently competent. You don't have to be perfect, you just have to be good enough. Unfortunately, Galton was not only a man with a gift for rhetoric, he was also a part time occupier of the fringes of madness, and a professional racist. Oh, and please, don't try and erect any of the duplicitous lies peddled by the likes of Richard Weikart, trying to misrepresent Darwin as a racist, because I'll happily come back and carpet bomb that bullshit too.
Carpet bombing is a term for trying to obliterate everything at huge cost and uncertain success, for lack or accurate targeting.
Jayjay4547 wrote:It was in fact Herbert Spencer not Galton who coined the term “survival of the fittest”.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Richart Weikart had only complimentary things to say of Charles Darwin.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: Oh, and what about the practical damage arising from creationism? You do realise that creationism was adopted in full by the Ku Klux Klan, who used the "Hamitic races" nonsense in Genesis to justify slavery and oppression of black people? Indeed, arch-charlatan and professsional liar for doctrine Henry Morris continued peddling this in the 1960s, and Ken Ham's concentration camp for the mind in Kentucky still peddles this venomous racist bullshit.
Yes, Creationism has been championed for the aims of venomous racist buillshit like you say. I know that well from my own childhood when my classmates held it as a fact that black people had evolved from monkeys, but whites came from Adam and Eve. But on a larger scale, to understand thes taggering excesses of the twentieth century by Westerners, it is necessary to look at the coupled impact of atheism and the theory of evolution.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: Like I said above, there's a difference between "natural" in the sense of "occurring as a result of well defined and testable processes" and "natural" in the oft-misused colloquial sense of "ethically justified". Once again, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because there happens to be a natural explanation for a given phenomenon, doesn't affect ethical judgements about that phenomenon. Oh, and fish aren't the only animal model, I merely chose those because they're the ones I'm familiar with, courtesy of 35 years of fishkeeping amongst other things.
They are linked in practice. What is “natural” has great authority.
Jayjay4547 wrote:In a sane society it can merely keep people from effective remedies- as Darwin’s view on the natural inevitable extermination of “savage races” merely lessened the horror of the English at what they had already done to the Tasmanian aboriginals.
The great sin of Slavery has been almost universal, and slaves have often been treated in an infamous manner. As barbarians do not regard the opinion of their women, wives are commonly treated like slaves. Most savages are utterly indifferent to the sufferings of strangers, or even delight in witnessing them. It is well known that the women and children of the North-American Indians aided in torturing their enemies. Some savages take a horrid pleasure in cruelty to animals,26 and humanity with them is an unknown virtue. Nevertheless, feelings of sympathy and kindness are common, especially during sickness, between the members of the same tribe, and are sometimes extended beyond the limits of the tribe. Mungo Park's touching account of the kindness of the negro women of the interior to him is well known. Many instances could be given of the noble fidelity of savages towards each other, but not to strangers; common experience justifies the maxim of the Spaniard, "Never, never trust an Indian." There cannot be fidelity without truth; and this fundamental virtue is not rare between the members of the same tribe: thus Mungo Park heard the negro women teaching their young children to love the truth. This, again, is one of the virtues which becomes so deeply rooted in the mind that it is sometimes practised by savages even at a high cost, towards strangers; but to lie to your enemy has rarely been thought a sin, as the history of modern diplomacy too plainly shews. As soon as a tribe has a recognised leader, disobedience becomes a crime, and even abject submission is looked at as a sacred virtue.
Jayjay4547 wrote:If it were true that evolution provides a beautiful and therefore complete and adequate explanation for rape then I would hesitate to say, don’t investigate or publicise that. But I don’t for a second believe that it does and the claim is overreaching and dangerous.
Jayjay4547 wrote:I’ll just drop in here the little file of abusive terms you sprinkled your post with and that I gathered up as I went along. I left off abusive terms where I happen to agree with you about fascists. For your interest.
gazing at their ideological navels, complete garbage crap apologetics woefully, absurdly wrong, mythology fetishists, farcical nonsense, fucking irrelevance, fucking irrelevance, oft-peddled creationist lie, horseshit. supernaturalist canards. peddling of lies, mendacity, discoursively dishonest, duplicitous fabrication, manifest canards and lies, posturing, apologetic fabrication, Bollocks, any fucking sense at all, fucking laughable. fucking posts, de shit up, scribblings of some backward tribal people, cheap conjuring trick, nonsense in Genesis
Jayjay4547 wrote:Ours is the one species on Earth that could totally screw up the planet.
Jayjay4547 wrote:And we are the one species that could understand a charge laid against us on that score.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:Buss’s overreaching application of “evolutionary genetics” to domestic violence in humans is my example of failure.
Well if he's wrong, we'll soon know, because someone will come along and provide the relevant empirical research demonstrating this. When that happens, we'll move on to a better idea. That's the whole point in case you hadn't worked this out, namely, ideas are disposable entities, and the decision to dispose of a given idea, or collection thereof, is made when reality tells us to. At least, this is how it works in genuine intellectual disciplines. Religion, on the other hand, responds to real world evidence by making up more shit in a desperate attempt to keep failed assertions alive at all costs, including assertions that reality has long since pointed and laughed at.
In the real world professor Buss put on a kind of theatrical show, he realised a popular position in terms that he might not have taken that seriously himself.
Jayjay4547 wrote:The discipline of evolutionary psychology will survive so long as a sufficiently large group of salaried academics are drawn towards it. It’s probably pretty robust at present. Schools survive by different rules than individual scientific publications.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Please, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because a given phenomenon occurs as a natural outcome of various contributing factors, has no relevance to how we choose to judge that phenomenon from an ethical standpoint. The two are entirely different. Rape occurs in numerous animal species, but no one here amongst the reality defenders will erect apolgetics justifying rape, they will all agree that from an ethical standpoint, it's repugnant, and that it's repugnant because of the measurable harm inflicted upon the victim.
What is deemed to be natural is in practice a powerful implicit justification for it, on the lines of “boys will be boys”.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote:Jayjay4547 wrote:And in the twentieth century the Spensarian/Darwinist notion of survival of the fittest did a whole lot of practical damage.
Actually, it wasn't Darwin who erected this notion. It was the product of Francis Galton, who took Darwin's ideas and barked up an entirely wrong tree with them. If you actually read Darwin's own words on the subject, his view was much more sophisticated, namely, survival of the sufficiently competent. You don't have to be perfect, you just have to be good enough. Unfortunately, Galton was not only a man with a gift for rhetoric, he was also a part time occupier of the fringes of madness, and a professional racist. Oh, and please, don't try and erect any of the duplicitous lies peddled by the likes of Richard Weikart, trying to misrepresent Darwin as a racist, because I'll happily come back and carpet bomb that bullshit too.
Carpet bombing is a term for trying to obliterate everything at huge cost and uncertain success, for lack or accurate targeting.
Jayjay4547 wrote:It was in fact Herbert Spencer not Galton who coined the term “survival of the fittest”. Richart Weikart had only complimentary things to say of Charles Darwin.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: Oh, and what about the practical damage arising from creationism? You do realise that creationism was adopted in full by the Ku Klux Klan, who used the "Hamitic races" nonsense in Genesis to justify slavery and oppression of black people? Indeed, arch-charlatan and professsional liar for doctrine Henry Morris continued peddling this in the 1960s, and Ken Ham's concentration camp for the mind in Kentucky still peddles this venomous racist bullshit.
Yes, Creationism has been championed for the aims of venomous racist buillshit like you say. I know that well from my own childhood when my classmates held it as a fact that black people had evolved from monkeys, but whites came from Adam and Eve. But on a larger scale, to understand the staggering excesses of the twentieth century by Westerners, it is necessary to look at the coupled impact of atheism and the theory of evolution.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Calilasseia wrote: Like I said above, there's a difference between "natural" in the sense of "occurring as a result of well defined and testable processes" and "natural" in the oft-misused colloquial sense of "ethically justified". Once again, drop the naturalistic fallacy. Just because there happens to be a natural explanation for a given phenomenon, doesn't affect ethical judgements about that phenomenon. Oh, and fish aren't the only animal model, I merely chose those because they're the ones I'm familiar with, courtesy of 35 years of fishkeeping amongst other things.
They are linked in practice. What is “natural” has great authority. In a sane society it can merely keep people from effective remedies- as Darwin’s view on the natural inevitable extermination of “savage races” merely lessened the horror of the English at what they had already done to the Tasmanian aboriginals.
Jayjay4547 wrote:If it were true that evolution provides a beautiful and therefore complete and adequate explanation for rape then I would hesitate to say, don’t investigate or publicise that. But I don’t for a second believe that it does and the claim is overreaching and dangerous.
Jayjay4547 wrote:I’ll just drop in here the little file of abusive terms you sprinkled your post with and that I gathered up as I went along. I left off abusive terms where I happen to agree with you about fascists. For your interest.
gazing at their ideological navels, complete garbage crap apologetics woefully, absurdly wrong, mythology fetishists, farcical nonsense, fucking irrelevance, fucking irrelevance, oft-peddled creationist lie, horseshit. supernaturalist canards. peddling of lies, mendacity, discoursively dishonest, duplicitous fabrication, manifest canards and lies, posturing, apologetic fabrication, Bollocks, any fucking sense at all, fucking laughable. fucking posts, de shit up, scribblings of some backward tribal people, cheap conjuring trick, nonsense in Genesis
Jayjay4547 wrote:We humans have some cheek, a hundred thousand years into sharing language on one planet around one sun in one galaxy, to pontificate about the qualities of creator of the universe.
Calilasseia wrote: Oh, and please, don't try and erect any of the duplicitous lies peddled by the likes of Richard Weikart, trying to misrepresent Darwin as a racist, because I'll happily come back and carpet bomb that bullshit too.
Jayjay4547 wrote:Richart Weikart had only complimentary things to say of Charles Darwin.
Calilasseia wrote: Oh really? You obviously haven't read Weikart's nasty little screed From Darwin To Hitler, in which he asserts that Darwin's ideas were the warm-up for the Holocaust. A notion that every relevant competent academic treats with well-deserved scorn and derision. Unsurprisingly, Weikart's book was financed by the Duplicity Institute.
Discovery, the hub of the intelligent design movement, "provided crucial funding" for the book's research.[3] Prominent historian and critic of the intelligent design movement, Barbara Forest, states that the book is tied to the DI's 'wedge strategy' of attacking Darwinian science as morally corrupting.[4] This strategy aims to "defeat [the] materialist world view" represented by the theory of evolution in favor of "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions."[5]
distorts the history of Darwinism and anti-Darwinism in Germany in ways that reflect theocratic agendas in present-day American politics
insufficient attention to historical change-leaving out political, social, and economic factors as well as the role of new knowledge in genetics-make his overall argument unconvincing
the defense of genocide, infanticide and "eugenics" by creationists actually has a very venerable and lengthy tradition that precedes Darwin
fails to follow the rich nuances of the discourse/practices and institutions that have preoccupied the contemporary generation of intellectual historians, who have paid attention to the continuities and ruptures within systems of thought. So his presentation of racism, for example, reiterates a rationale that does not stand up to the critical scrutiny of intellectual history
Weikart doesn't actually show any direct connection between Darwin and Hitler. In fact, Weikart has responded to my criticisms by admitting that the title of his book is misleading, since he cannot show any direct link between Darwin's ideas and Hitler's Nazism
It can only be a tendentious and dogmatically driven assessment that would condemn Darwin for the crimes of the Nazis
Hitler was not a Darwinian
a desperate tactic to undermine evolution
There's not the slightest shred of evidence that Hitler read Darwin
ideas that are attributed to Darwin (such as natural selection makes might right in social policy) were actually not advocated but repudiated by Darwin and his immediate colleagues
6. Schriften weltanschaulichen und lebenskundlichen Charakters, deren Inhalt die falsche naturwissenschaftliche Aufklärung eines primitiven Darwinismus und Monismus ist (Häckel)
6. Writings of a philosophical and social nature whose content deals with the false scientific enlightenment of primitive Darwinism and Monism (Häckel).
Even a superficial glance is sufficient to show that all the innumerable forms in which the life-urge of Nature manifests itself are subject to a fundamental law - one may call it an iron law of Nature - which compels the various species to keep within the definite limits of their own life-forms when propagating and multiplying their kind. Each animal mates only with one of its own species. The titmouse cohabits only with the titmouse, the finch with the finch, the stork with the stork, the field-mouse with the field-mouse, the house-mouse with the house-mouse, the wolf with the she-wolf, etc.
Deviations from this law take place only in exceptional circumstances. This happens especially under the compulsion of captivity, or when some other obstacle makes procreative intercourse impossible between individuals of the same species. But then Nature abhors such intercourse with all her might; and her protest is most clearly demonstrated by the fact that the hybrid is either sterile or the fecundity of its descendants is limited. In most cases hybrids and their progeny are denied the ordinary powers of resistance to disease or the natural means of defence against outer attack.
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