zulumoose wrote:Who created racial categories? Racists, or opponents of racism?
I believe everyone created racial categories. When different populations encountered each other they all recognised the difference because it was a clearly defined boundary involving nationality and culture as well as the inherited characteristics that made the distinction visual.
That is not racism in terms I understand the word. People have always fought and massacred others they knew to be different. They have always enslaved others outside their own society without a moment's thought about whether that is OK. It was simply what conquerors could - and usually did - do with impunity.
Today's racism includes the notion that other races are genetically inferior, subhuman, untermenschlich. To enslave them, rob them of their Lebensraum, wipe them out, do whatever one felt like doing to them was not a crime against humanity because all of a sudden other races were not
bona fide members of Homo sapiens sapiens. They lacked the genetic wherewithal. Nothing to do with being an enemy as such, and there now is nothing than can be done to get rid of that inferiority.